第十八章 代词

1. 代词

代词是代替名词（或相当于名词的词、短语或句子）的词，用法跟名词类似。代词的分类见下表：

种类	示例
（1）人称代词：表示我（I）、你（you）、他（he）、她（she）、它（it）、我们（we）、你们（you）、他们（they）的词。	主格/宾格：I/me, you/you, he/him, she/her, it/it, we/us, you/you, they/them. - When he asked me to marry him I said yes. 他向我求婚, 我答应了。 - She and I are from the same country. 她和我来自同一个国家。 - "Who's there?" "Only me." "谁在那儿？""只有我。"
（2）物主代词：表示所有关系的词，有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。	形容词性/名词性：my/mine, your/yours, his/his, her/hers, its/its, our/ours, your/yours, their/theirs. - Where's my hat? 我的帽子在哪里? - That's your coat there; mine is here. 那边的外套是你的,我的外套在这儿。
（3）自身代词：表示我自己、你自己、他自己、我们自己、你们自己、他们自己的词。 ★自身代词强调"本人，自己"。	单数/复数：myself/ourselves, yourself/yourselves, (himself, herself, itself)/themselves. - I am teaching myself computer. 我自学计算机。 - Take good care of yourself. 把自己照顾好。 - The child himself drew this picture. 孩子自己画的这张画。
4. 相互代词：表示相互关系的代词，有each other 和one another两组，在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。	- The boys like each other. 男孩们互相都很喜欢。 - The students help one another. 学生彼此帮助。
（5）指示代词：表示这个（this），那个（that），这些（these），那些（those）的词。	- This is my husband. 这是我丈夫。 - Look at that! 看那个! - Those are apples. 那些是苹果。
（6）疑问代词：用于构成疑问句，以询问或请求某一信息，主要疑问代词有what（什么）、when（何时）、where（哪里）、who（谁）、whom（谁，宾格）、whose（谁的）、which（哪一个、哪一些）、why（为什么）及how （怎么、怎样）。	- What does it mean? 这是什么意思? - When are you free to meet? 你什么时候有空见面? - Who is your favorite actor? 谁是你最喜欢的演员? - To whom should I address this letter? 我应该把这封信寄给谁?
（7）关系代词：用来引导关系从句的代词。常用的关系代词有：who, whose, whom, that, which, as。	- The man who lives next door is a doctor. 住在隔壁的那个男人是医生。 - The student whose phone rang in class had to leave. 课堂上手机响的那个学生不得不离开教室。 - The book that I borrowed from you is very interesting. 我从你那儿借的那本书非常有趣。 - As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 众所周知，月球每个月绕地球转一周。
（8）不定代词：没有明确指定代替任何特定名词的词，表示不确定的人或事物、不确定的数量或不确定的选择。常用不定代词有：some, somebody, someone, something, everybody, everyone, everything, any, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing, all, both, neither, none, either, each, other, the other, others, the others, another, one, much, many, few, a few, little, a little, that。	- That's all I know. 这就是我知道的。 - Nothing gives me more pleasure than listening to Mozart. 再没有比听莫扎特的乐曲更让我高兴的事了。 - You'll find some in the cupboard. 柜橱里有一些。 - Have you got any? 你有吗? - I forgot to bring a pen. Can you lend me one? 我忘带钢笔了。你借我一枝行吗? - There's something under the table. 桌子底下有个东西。

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2. 练习

单选：选择最合适的答案。

1. Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of their parents.
   A. those B. one C. both D. that
2. One of the most important questions they had to consider was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of public health.
   A. what B. this C. that D. which
3. Charles was alone at home, with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ looking after him.
   A. someone B. anyone C. not one D. no one
4. The CDs are on sale! Buy one and you get \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ completely free.
   A. other B. others C. one D. ones
5. A: Wow! You've got so many clothes.
   B: But \_\_\_\_ of them are in fashion now.
   A. all B. both C. neither D. none
6. Over the past 20 years, the Internet has helped change our world in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ way or another for the better.
   A. any B. one C. every D. either
7. I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn't face \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ day like that.
   A. other B. another C. the other D. others
8. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don't have enough money to buy \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
   A. one B. it C. this D. that
9. A: I've read another book this week .
   B: Well, maybe \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is not how much you read but what you read that counts .
   A .this B. that C. there D. it
10. You are the team star! Working with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is really your cup of tea.
    A. both B. either C. others D. the other

注：此处仅保留部分代表性练习，完整练习请参考纸质版或后续版本。