第二十三章 时态
在这一章中，我们将学习英语中所有时态的常用用法。
1. 现在一般时
- She loves classical music. 她喜欢古典音乐。
- They are students. 他们是学生。
- He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。
- The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起在西方落下。
- If anyone calls, tell them I'm not at home. 有人来电话，就说我不在家。
- Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。
2. 过去一般时
- He arrived only yesterday. 他昨天刚到。
- I was very busy last Friday. 上星期五我非常忙。
- When I was a kid, I walked to school every day. 当我还是孩子的时候，我每天都步行去学校。
3. 将来一般时
- The snow will stop soon. 雪很快就要停了。
- Tomorrow will be Friday. 明天就是星期五。
- You'll be in time if you hurry. 你要是快一点儿就能来得及。
4. 过去将来一般时
- The sun was going down and it would soon be dark. 夕阳西下，天很快就要黑了。
- She told us that she would not go with us, if it rained. 她告诉我们，如果下雨的话，她就不和我们一起去了。
5. 现在进行时
- I am writing now. 我正在写字。
- I am writing a new book recently. 我最近正在写一本新书。
- She is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 她明天去北京。
- She's constantly complaining. 她不停地抱怨。
- The boy is being naughty. 这孩子有点儿淘气。
6. 过去进行时
- I was studying for my exams at 5 pm yesterday. 昨天下午5点时，我正在为考试而学习。
- They were having dinner when the power went out. 电力中断时他们正在吃晚餐。
- We were repairing the house last summer. 去年夏天我们正在修理这座房子。
- John was always coming to school late. 约翰上学总是迟到。
- They were leaving two days later. 他们两天后离开。
7. 将来进行时
- What will he be doing this time tomorrow morning？他明天早上的这个时候会正在做什么？
- He will be sleeping when we arrive. 我们到达时，他将正在睡觉。
- I'll be seeing you tomorrow. 我明天见你。
- The bus will be arriving at one o' clock. 公共汽车将在一点到达。
8. 过去将来进行时
- I asked him what he would be doing that night. 我问了他那天晚上他将会干什么。
- The teacher informed us that the students would be having a quiz next week. 老师通知我们学生们下周会有一次小测验。
9. 现在完成时
- She has spent all of her money. 她已经花完了她所有的钱。
- I've washed my car. 我洗过车了。
- Tom has lived here since 2006. 自2006年以来汤姆就一直住在这里。
- I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。
10. 过去完成时
- Had they left before you got there? 你到达那里时他们已经离开了吗?
- I had finished my homework before I went to play football. 我在去踢足球之前已经完成了家庭作业。
- He said that he had been in China for over ten years. 他说他在中国已经有十多年了。
11. 将来完成时
- They will have finished by the time we arrive. 他们会在我们到那里的时候完成的。
- By the time you get here, the train will already have left. 到你赶到时,火车已经离开了。
- Tom will have returned from his business trip by Friday. 汤姆会在星期五之前结束他的商务旅行回来。
12. 过去将来完成时
- The teacher said the homework would have been submitted by Monday. 老师说家庭作业会在星期一之前提交。
- Jane thought she would have graduated from university in 3 years. 简认为三年后她就会大学毕业。
13. 现在完成进行时
- I have been washing the blankets since 1 PM. 自下午1点以来，我一直在洗毯子。
- I have been writing a book recently. 最近我一直在写一本书。
- It has been raining all day. 今天一整天一直下雨。
- You are out of breath. \--Yes, I've been running. 你上气不接下气。是啊，我刚在跑步。
14. 过去完成进行时
- I'd been working hard, so I felt that I deserved a holiday. 我一直在努力工作，所以我觉得我应该得到一个假期。
- They had been expecting the news for some time. 他们期待这个消息已经有一段时间了。
- Bill had been saving since Christmas to buy a new bike. 比尔自圣诞节以来一直在存钱买一辆新自行车。
15. 将来完成进行时
- On Saturday, we will have been living in this house for a year. 到本周六，我们在这所房子里就将住了一年了。
- By 6 pm tonight, I will have been working for 10 hours. 到今晚6点，我工作就将持续了10个小时。
- Next year I will have been working in the company for 30 years. 到明年，我就在这个公司就将工作30年了。
16. 过去将来完成进行时
- The weather report said it would have been raining for 2 days by Thursday. 天气预报说到周四时，雨势将持续2天了。
- The doctor said the patient would have been taking this medicine for 6 months by the next appointment. 医生说在下次预约时，病人服用这种药将有6个月了。
17. 将来/过去将来的的几种表示方法汇总
将来
- shall/will：It will rain tomorrow. 明天会下雨。
- am/is/are+going to：We're going to spend our holidays in Wales this year. 今年我们打算到威尔士度假。
- 现在进行时：When are you starting? 你什么时候动身？
- am/is/are+不定式：They are to be married. 他们打算结婚。
- 现在一般时：She goes to London next week. 她下周去伦敦。
过去将来（相应的过去形式）
18. 时态呼应
某些从句里的动词时态与主句里的动词时态相呼应的规律，叫做时态呼应。
- Long ago people didn't know that the earth moves around the sun. 很久以前人们不知道地球绕着太阳转。（客观真理用现在时）
- He said he could swim. 他说他会游泳。（情态动词变成过去式）
- He said he would come tomorrow. 他说他明天来。（过去将来）
19. 练习
单选：选择最合适的答案。
- Every day, too much water \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in our school.
A. is wasted B. wastes C. was wasted D. wasted
- Three bridges \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ over the river five years ago.
A. built B. build C. were built D. are built
- There \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ a football match on TV this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have
- A: Hurry up! We're all waiting for you.
B: I \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for an important phone call. Go without me.
A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited
- A: Did you go to Linda's birthday party, Jill?
B: No. I \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. didn't invite B. wasn't invited C. am not invited D. haven't invited
- If everyone \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the traffic rules, there will be fewer accidents on the road.
A. follows B. follow C. breaks D. break
- Robert turned on the computer and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ an e-mail to his friend.
A. sent B. send C. sends D. will send
注：此处仅保留部分代表性练习，完整练习请参考纸质版或后续版本。